Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and. Introduces relatively new hazardous elements and their bioremediation practices including oil spills, military waste water, greenhouse gases, polythene wastes, and more provides the most advanced techniques in the field of bioremediation, including insilico approach, microbes as pollution indicators, use of bioreactors, techniques of pollution. This oil spill bioremediation lab was for students to. The soils were heavily contaminated with highly saturated crude oil. Introduction to petroleum hydrocarbons characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons problems with oil spills treatment techniques discussion on bioremediation case studies. A citizens guide to bioremediation pdf 2 pp, 962 k, 2012, 542f12003. Removal by sorption and in situ biodegradation of oil spills limits damage to marine biota a laboratory simulation. With respect to oil hydrocarbons, the wide spectrum of over 17,000 compounds can be divided into four classes, resins quinolones, sulfoxides, amides and pyridines, asphaltenes ketones, fatty acids, esters and phenols, saturates and aromatics 11. Most times when speaking of such disasters many relate to the oil spills that. Pdf as the demand for liquid petroleum increases, the need for reliable and efficient oil spill cleanup techniques is inevitable. Bioremediation of open water spills is not considered to be appropriate or achievable because of the above two requirements. Oil spill bioremediation 2 oil spill bioremediation introduction the oil spill is a serious matter because millions of gallons of oil enter the ocean yearly. The crude oil used in the experiment was obtained by dissolving crude oil sample in nonaromatic petroleum ether 6090.
Bioremediation for marine oil spills princeton university. Bioremediation strategies were developed from laboratory, mesocosm and. Oil degrading microorganisms are indigenous to the world oceans, but environmental constraints limit their activity and so a bioremediation strategy must be tailored to local conditions. Bioremediation is one technique that may be useful to remove spilled oil under certain geographic and climatic conditions. Hydrocarbondegrading bacteria often produce bioemulsifiers. Expert mission on bioremediation in guimaras oil spill final report 2 1 introduction 1. The primary objectives of response to oil spill are. A citizens guide to bioremediation technologies for. The oil spill impacts the marine ecosystem and affects the deepwater horizon. Oil spills oil spills occur frequently throughout the world. Spills of crude and fuel oils from tankers, freighters, pipelines, wells, and. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil by petroleum.
Bioremediation oil spills list of high impact articles. Importance of bioremediation and its future prospects. In a letter to exxon, epa provided information that would support the use of bioremediation as a cleanup technique for the valdez oil spill. The biological method is also known as bioremediation, which can be broken down into bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Oil spill bioremediation laboratory jessica hoberek sci 207. Role of microbes in oil spills remediation and degradation of. Similarly, other work12 using pseudomonas showed that the highest oil degradation rate was from 1. Enhanced bioremediation of oil spills in the sea sciencedirect.
Bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil and water. These oil degrading indigenous microorganisms played a significant role in reducing the overall environmental impact of both the exxon valdez and bp deepwater horizon oil spills. Finally, the oil surface area is extremely important because growth of oil. Bioremediation of oil spills in tropical australia executive summary 16 project summary this threeyear project 19951998 assessed short term effects of commonly transported oils and in situ bioremediation on tropical australian mangrove and salt marsh habitats. Enormous quantities of organic and inorganic compounds are released into the environment each year as a result of human activities. Heavy crude oils that contain large amounts of resin and asphaltene compounds are less amenable to bioremediation than are lightor mediumweight crude oils that are rich in aliphatic components. Hydrophobic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are the potential solution for the treatment of oil spills. Oil spills threaten the health of both human lifestyle and environmental ecosystems. Bioremediation can occur on its own natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation or can be spurred on via the addition of fertilizers to increase the. Biosparging, where air is pushed into soil to stimulate microbial bioremediation. In some cases, these releases are deliberate and well regulated e.
Freshwater spills symposium 2000 agenda, presentations. The crystal simple green emulsified the oil into the water, allowing naturally occurring microbes typically bacteria or fungi to degrade the harmful oil into nontoxic compounds. Protocol for the testing of bioremediation products. However, the exxon valdez and bp deepwater horizon oil spills were vastly different in. When nutrients are added to a floating slick, they immediately disperse into the. Some contend that dispersants should not be used, while others point to their ability to speed up natural oil biodegradation processes. Phytoremediation, uses the mechanisms of plants to decrease efficacy of pollutants. Bioremediation of water areas due to oil spills alison hawkins abstract there are various methods that can be used to cleanup an oil spill on a waterway. Aug 05, 2016 epa informed exxon on july 26 that it would support a proposal by the company to use bioremediation to aid in cleaning up the oil spilled from the exxon valdez in prince william sound. Introduction to enhanced oil recovery eor processes and bioremediation of oil contaminated sites 212 previous work 11 using marine filamentous bacteria reported rates of biodegradation in the range of 7. While they are growing, record any changes you notice in the liquid in the flask bubbles, foam, changes in the oil layer on the top of the flask, color or opacity of the nutrient media, etc. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. In fact, bioremediation is often used to help clean up crude oil spills.
Our dependence upon the environment clifford blizard december 9 th, 2018 oil spill bioremediation laboratory introduction oil spillage can be very devastating to the environment surrounding the area. Bioremediation of a contaminated site typically works in one of two ways. Role of microbes in oil spills remediation and degradation. Pdf oil spills are probable accidents occurring mostly during transportation and processing of oil that can contaminate marine, soil, sediments. Bioremediation of unconventional oil contaminated ecosystems. This process mimics simple greens bioremediation process on land, except in this case the bioremediation took place in the water. A way to mitigate the effects of oil spills is bioremediation. Prior to 1989, there were no documented uses of this technology on marine oil spills. Evaluation of remediation of an oil spill in a peat bog. Web alert bioremediation of oil spills an annotated selection of world wide web sites relevant to the topics in microbial biotechnology microbes cleaning up deepwater. The soil in the storage area exhibited cement like characteristics on the direct surface of the materials, but below this one inch hard crust was a soil that displayed a wet cement like soil. As the demand for liquid petroleum increases, the need for reliable and efficient oil spill cleanup techniques is inevitable. Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation 1st edition. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Bioremediation is any process that uses decomposers and green plants, or their enzymes, to improve the condition of contaminated environments. There are physical, chemical, and biological alternatives. Bioremediation is an economical and safe method for cleaning up oil spills and bioremediating soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and dangerous organic compounds. Bioslurping, using pumping to apply oxygen and water, thus separating and compiling soils to increase remediation of microbes. Chemical analysis and stable isotope monitoring pdf 1 pg, 14k mike francis nova husky oil co. A patent was filed in 1974 by richard raymond, reclamation of hydrocarbon contaminated ground waters, which provided the basis for the commercialization of in situ bioremediation. Consideration should be given to seeding oil spills with hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. The material was highly liquefied and had no solid texture. Along coastal areas, marshes occur in intertidal to supratidal zones, and the marsh fringe is often contaminated by spills on water. Bioremediation of oil spills society for applied microbiology. Bioremediation of exxon valdez oil spill about epa us epa.
Mar 09, 2016 fact sheet bioremediation in oil spill response this fact sheet is to provide on scene coordinators and other decisionmakers with the latest information on evolving technologies that may be applicable for use in responding to an oil spill. Marine oil spill, spill prevention, response to spill, booms, skimmers, dispersants, insitu burning, bioremediation, aesthetic appeal, oil recovery. This is the exxon valdez case study, 1989 looked at within lecture 11 case study 2. Aug 15, 2011 however, the exxon valdez and bp deepwater horizon oil spills were vastly different in terms of the volume of oil, the nature of the oil, and the environments impacted table table1. Audio presentation a common application of cleaning up oil contaminated water. Enhancing bioremediation of dieselfuel contaminated soil in a boreal climate. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using. This is when petroleum degrading bacteria and archaea are able to mediate oil spills most efficiently.
Bioremediation o conducted under controlled conditions, biositesm bioremediation uses a combination of chemicals and microorganisms to naturally break down hazardous materials into nonhazardous substances that can be recycled or buried in conventional landfills. Jan 03, 2017 oil degrading bacterial community composition of few studies. While dispersed oil droplets sink to bottom of the ocean and harm the benthic community. The effectiveness of bioremediation for oil spills has been difficult to establish on dynamic, heterogeneous marine shorelines. Interacting soil and pollutant chemicals truly account for the work that can be completed by these microorganisms. This crude oil spills, alters the physicochemical properties of the soil 7, making it impossible for the soil to produce at. Oil spills and water clean up brownfields or industrial storage facilities overflows, waste spills and accidents.
Weathering and environmental factors play large roles in the success of bioremediation. Effective bioremediation requires that 1 nutrients remain in contact with hydrocarbonsoil the oiled material, and 2 nutrient concentrations are. Oil spill pollution could also result from the sales, and uses of petroleum products, pipeline overflow, breakage, and storage tank spill 5,6. The financial aspects of bioremediation is also very important and documented 23, 44. Bioremediation is the use of microbes to clean up contaminated soil and groundwater. The devastating effects on marine life from the exxon valdez spill in alaska and the spills during the gulf war due to destruction of oil reservoirs are well documented. Oil degrading microorganisms are indigenous to the world oceans, but environmental constraints limit their activity and so a bioremediation strategy must. The use of bioremediation is a preferred technique for cleaning up oil spills because it facilitates the process of naturally converting oil into nontoxic byproducts without any further local environmental disruption. Oil spills require quick action so that they cause as little damage as possible. Bioremediation of oil spills in tropical australia executive. Some of these methods, like in situ burning or the use of dispersal agents, do a lot of harm themselves. Bioremediation oil spills share this page oil spills have become serious problem in cold environments with ever icrese in resource exploitation,transportation,storage and accidental lekage of oils bioremidation is a promising action for remidation it is effective and economic in removing oils with less undue environmental damages.
Currently, there are limited methods for cleaning up oil spill which have reached the shoreline or which have spread over a large area. Oil spills can have devastating environmental, economical, and social impacts. One successful example of applying bioremediation in largescale cleanup is the mumbai oil spill of 2010, when oilzapper. Specific bacteria can be used to bioremediate specific contaminants, such as hydrocarbons, which are present in oil and gasoline. While an oil slick is floating, this can be done by spraying dispersants to encourage the oil to disperse as tiny droplets. Epa informed exxon on july 26 that it would support a proposal by the company to use bioremediation to aid in cleaning up the oil spilled from the exxon valdez in prince william sound.
Bacteria can be used to clean up oil spills in the ocean through bioremediation. Introduction an oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity. Bioremediation of oil spills using microorganism science. Technical personnel who are responsible for designing and operating field bioremediation processes as well as consultants and equipment manufacturers will also find it useful. Apr 16, 2012 this popular press article discusses the important topic of risk assessment regarding the use of chemical dispersants in oil spills. Oil spills are harmful for marine life photo credit noaa and georgia department of natural resources, ccby 2. Plants can perform bioremediation through metabolism plants can draw chemicals in through their roots to metabolize toxins and release less toxic forms of that substance through. Costeffective alternative to clean environmental messes. However, there were species of psychrophilic bacteria present that were highly efficient in metabolizing hydrocarbons. They found that the quantities of fertilizer npk i. In the gulf of mexico oil spill, there was a large difference in the surface and deep water temperatures. The bp deepwater horizon oil spill was more than an order of magnitude greater in total volume of oil than the exxon valdez spill. Bioremediation of petroleum in the sea is limited by n and p availability. Audio presentation bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and solvents.
Audio presentation bioremediation of gulf oil spill, 2010 case study 3. Oil spill response methods booms and skimmers bioremediation by oil eating bacteria edvokit 956 1. Fortunately, unlike higher organisms that are adversely impacted by oil spills, microorganisms are able to consume petroleum hydrocarbons. The use of these microorganisms has been successfully applied for the treatment of waste and wastewater in controlled systems.
Bioremediation of an oil spill in an upland wetland pdf 1 pg, 8k wayne hudnall louisiana state university. Bioremediation of oil spills submitted by anchal garg environment science 2016 2. Introduction bioremediation is the use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants. Effectiveness of bioremediation for the exxon valdez oil spill. Bioremediation is considered one of the most sustainable cleanup techniques but the potential has not been fully exploited. For the purpose of this effort, bioremediation is defined to include the use of nutrients to enhance the activity of indigenous organisms andor the addition of. Pralls island in new jersey, seal beach in california, and the apex barges and mega borg spills in the gulf of mexico. Bioremediation is one technique that may be useful to remove spilled oil under certain geographic and climatic. Cleans oil contaminated sites and postrefining oil residues oil spills into the aquatic and terrestrial environments are a not so uncommon occurrence. The crude oil sample was from xingzhong sinochem oil transport zhoushan co. An oil spill is a form of pollution that involves the release of petroleum into the biosphere especially the waterways such as oceans, posing a huge threat to marine life. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution contingency plan 40 cfr part 300, referred to subsequently as the national contingency plan ncp, is the principal federal mechanism for operations pertaining to the identification, containment, and cleanup of releases of oil and hazardous substances in the coastal united states. Treating contaminated soils onsite at bioremediation facilities.
The sun oil pipeline spill in ambler, pennsylvania spurred the first commercial usage of in situ bioremediation in 1972 to remove hydrocarbons from contaminated sites. Bioremediation methods for oil spills pace university. May 17, 2005 a hope for oil spill bioremediation date. Jul 24, 2016 oil spills threaten the health of both human lifestyle and environmental ecosystems. Mt solar 1 sunk off the coast of guimaras island 11 august 2006 carrying 2,162,230 liters of ifo worth p 40 m bound for npcwmpc lat. The tragic exxon valdez oil spill in 1989, informed the united states of the lack of preparedness the oil industry and country had in such remediation situations. Oilconsuming bacteria procedure the oilconsuming bacteria will need 12 weeks to grow and prosper. Prince bioremediation is a potentially important option for dealing with marine oil spills.
Manufactured from crude oil made mainly from hydrogen and carbon found in crude oil, gasoline, kerosene, heating fuel oil, and asphalt stored and transported in large volumes by ship, rail, truck, and. C, and then desalinated using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and finally filtrated. Wild life and plant life can see many different outcomes. This page presents six large scale applications for bioremediation. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution. Bioremediation is a process by which chemical substances are degraded by bacteria and other microorganisms.
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